Describe TCP/IP model with suitable diagram.

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Solution:-

 TCP/IP Reference Model:



  • TCP/IP means transmission control protocol and internet protocol. 
  • Protocols are set of rules which govern every possible communication over the internet. 
  • These protocols describe the movement of data between the host computers or internet. These offer simple naming and addressing schemes. 
  • It is robust to failures and flexible to diverse networks.
  • Most widely used protocol for interconnecting computers and it is the protocol of the internet. 
    Description of different TCP/IP layers 

    Layer 1: Host-to-network Layer 
    1. Protocol is used to connect the host, so that the packets can be sent over it. 
      2. Varies host to host and network to network. 

      Layer 2: Internet layer 
      1. Selection of a packet switching network which is based on a connectionless internetwork layer is called internet layer. 
        2. It the layer which holds the whole architecture together. 
          3. It allows the host to insert the packets. 
            4. It helps the packet to travel independently to the destination. 
              5. Order in which packets are received is different from the way they are sent. 
                6. IP (internet protocol) is used in this layer. 

                Layer 3: Transport Layer
                1. It decides if data transmission should be on parallel path or single path. 
                  2. Functions such as multiplexing, segmenting or splitting on the data done by layer four that is transport layer. 
                    3. Transport layer breaks the message (data) into small units so that they are handled more efficiently by the network layer. 
                      4. Functions of the transport layer are same as the OSI model. 
                        5. Transport layer also arrange the packets sent in sequence. 

                        Layer 4: Application Layer 
                        1. Protocols used in this layer are high level protocols such as TELNET, FTP (file transfer protocol etc. )

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