What is NIC? State three functions of NIC.

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 NIC (Network interface card / network adapter): 

It physically makes the connection, works as interface between computer and network cable. 

Functions of NIC: 

1. Establishes and manages the computer’s network connection.

2. Translates digital computer data into signals (appropriate for the networking medium) 

for outgoing messages, and translates signals into digital computer data for incoming messages

3. Provide physical link or connectivity between computer and the network physical medium.

4. Creates, sends, and receives frames – Frame: fundamental unit of data for network transmission and reception.

5. Manages access to medium.

6. Control flow of data between computer and physical medium.

7. Acts as gatekeeper (permits inbound communications aimed only at its computer (or broadcast) to pass through NIC and on to CPU)

– Each card has a unique MAC address in ROM 

– Promiscuous mode disables gatekeeper functions

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