Computer engineering 👩‍🎓Important educational notes📚

 Solution:- Peer  review Walk through 1. A peer review technique, which is a static white-box testing which are conducted to spot the defects early in the life cycle that cannot be detected by black box testing techniques. 1. Walkthrough in software testing is used to review documents with peers, managers, and fellow team members who are guided by the author of the document to gather feedback and reach a consensus. 2. First formal review, an effort to get together the team members. 2. This is conducted after the peer review by other programmers  and tester 3. It is the best formal method also known as ‘buddy reviews’ 3. It is an exhaustive exercise with senior programmers involved for review. 4. Often held with programmers who have written the code with other programmers acting as reviewers 4. Here programmers should present line by line , function by...

 Solution:- Positive testing Negative testing 1. positive testing is the testing process where the system validation against the valid input data. 1. negative testing is testing process where the system validated against the invalid input data. 2. In this testing tester always  check for only valid set of value. 2. In this testing tester always  check for only invalid set of value. 3. The main intension of this testing is to check whether software application not showing errors when not supposed to and showing errors when supposed to. 3. The main intension of this testing is to check whether software application not showing error when supposed to and showing errors when not supposed to. 4. example,  positive testing              99     Enter only number 4. example, negative testing    ...

 Solution:- White box testing Black box testing 1. In white box testing documentation, logic and coding are tested. 1. In black box testing functionality of system is check. 2. White box testing is done before black box testing. 2. Black box testing is done after the white box testing. 3. In white box testing programming knowledge is required. 3. In black box testing programming knowledge does not required. 4. White box testing refers verification. 4. Black box testing refers validation. 5. White box testing is done by developer. 5. Black box testing is done by tester. 6. Cost low in white box testing. 6. Cost high in black box testing.

 Solution:- Dynamic white box testing Debugging 1. The goal of dynamic white box testing is to find bugs.  1. The goal of debugging is to fix bugs. 2. It include information about what line of code look suspicious.   2. The programmer who does debugging picks process up from there and determines exactly what is causing the bug and attempts to fix it. 3. Dynamic white –box testing  is a general investigation process of checking.  3. Debugging is done once a problem has been identified and is reproducible 4. Dynamic white-box testing is testing effort. 4. Debugging is defect addressing effort. 5. This testing is done on architectural basis 5. Debugging is done on thread basis.

 Solution:- Verification Validation 1. The process of evaluating work products of a development phase to determine whether they meet specified requirements for that phase. 1. The process of evaluating software during or at the end of the of the development process to determine whether it is satisfying specified requirement. 2. It involves documentation, coding, design, plans, requirement , test cases . 2. it involve actual working model/product/software. 3. Verification done by developer site. 3. Validation is done by tester site. 4. Verification is done before validation 4. Validation is done after verification. 5. Verification involved executing of code. 5. Validation does not involved executing of code. 6. Verification refer white box testing. 6. Validation refer black box testing. 7. In verifica...

 Solution:- Test case id Test case objective Input data Expected result Actual result Status TC1 Name field Any name               ( abcd  xyz) It should accept the name The name is accepted Pass TC2 Phone Field Any number Having less   than 10 digits(1234) It should not Accept. Should give error message “Please enter valid phone number” Error message “Please enter valid phone number” Pass TC3 Phone Field Any   Alphabets (abcde) It should give error message     as “Only Numbers” Error message as “Only Numbers” Pass TC4 SSC Percentage Field 65 It should accept It accepted Pass TC5 SSC Percentage Field ...

 Solution:- Automated testing Manual testing 1. If you have to run a set of tests repeatedly         automation is a huge gain 1. If Test Cases have to be run a small number of times it's more likely to perform manual testing 2. Helps performing "compatibility testing" - testing the software on different configurations 2. It allows the tester to perform more ad-hoc (random testing) 3. It gives you the ability to run automation scenarios to perform regressions in a shorter time 3. Short term costs are reduced 4. It gives you the ability to run regressions on a code that is continuously changing 4. The more time tester spends testing a module the grater the odds to find real user bugs 5. It's more expensive to automate. Initial investments are bigger than manual testing 5. Manual tests can be very time c...

Solution:- Test case id Test case objectives Input data Expected output Actual output Status TC1 Navigate to login page of website --- --- --- Pass TC2 Provide valid username Username abc@yahoo.co.in Shall accept the username Accepted the username Pass TC3 Provide password Password co6g1234 Shall accept the password Accepted the password Pass TC4 Click on submit Press submit button User should be able to login successfully User successfully logged in Pass TC5 Go to the home page Click on home button Should display home page Home page of the user displayed Pass TC6 Write the status Type in the status in the area provi...

  Solution:- Inspection : i. Inspections are the most formal type of reviews. ii. They are highly structured and require training for each participant. iii. Inspections are different from peer reviews and walkthroughs in that the person who presents the code, the presenter or reader isn't the original programmer. iv. These forces someone else to learn and understand the material being presented, potentially giving a different slant and interpretation at the inspection meeting. v. The other participants are called inspectors. vi. Each is tasked with reviewing the code from a different perspective, such as a User, a tester, or a product support person. vii. This helps bring different views of the product under review and very often Identifies different bugs. viii. One inspector is even tasked with reviewing the code backward that is, from the end to the beginning to make sure that the material is covered evenly and completely. Walkthrough : i. Walkthroughs are the next step up i...