Describe any four categories of software.

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 Solution:-

1. System Software: System Software is a collection of programs written to serve other programs. Some system software (e.g.- compliers, editors, and file management utilities) processes complex, but determinate information structures. Other system applications (e.g.- operating system components, drivers, networking software, telecommunications processors) process largely indeterminate data. In either case, the systems software area is characterized by heavy interaction with computer hardware; heavy usage by multiple users; concurrent operation that requires scheduling, resource sharing, and sophisticated process management; complex data structures; and multiple external interfaces.

2. Application Software: Application Software consists of standalone programs that solve a specific business need. Applications in this area process business or technical data in a way that facilities business operations or management / technical decision-making.

3. Engineering / Scientific Software: Formerly characterized by ―number crunching‖ algorithms, engineering and scientific software applications range from astronomy to volcano logy, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynamics, and from molecular biology to automated manufacturing. Computer-aided design, system simulation, and other interactive applications have begun to take on real–time and even system software characteristics.

4. Embedded Software: Embedded Software resides within a product or system and is used to implement and control features and functions for the end-user and for the system itself. Embedded software can perform limited and esoteric functions (e.g. keypad control for a microwave oven) or provide significant function and control capability (e.g. digital functions in an automobile such as fuel control, dashboard displays, braking systems, etc.)

5. Product–line Software: Designed to provide a specific capability for use by many different customers, product–line software can focus on a limited & esoteric market place (e.g. – inventory control products) or address mass consumer markets (e.g. – word processing, spreadsheets, and computer graphics, and multimedia, entertainment, and database management, personal and business financial applications.)

6. Web – applications: ―Web Apps‖, span a wide array of applications. Web apps are evolving into sophisticated computing environments that not only provide standalone features, computing functions, and content to the end user, but also are integrated with corporate databases and business applications.

7. Artificial Intelligence Software: AI Software makes use of non–numerical algorithms to solve complex problems that are not amenable to computation or straightforward analysis. Applications within this area include robotics, expert systems, pattern recognition (image and voice), artificial neural networks, theorem proving, and game playing.

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