Encryption of data at what layer of OSI Model.

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What is topology? explain types of topology with diagram and advantages and disadvantages.

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  Solution:- Topology Geometric representation of how the computers are connected to each other is known as topology.  There are five types of topology – Bus, Star, Mesh, Ring and Hybrid . Bus Topology   •  Bus topology is a network setup in which each computer and network device are connected to a single cable or backbone by the help of interface connectors. This central  cable is the backbone of the network and is known as Bus.  •  Every workstation  communicates with the other device through this Bus. A signal from the source is  broadcasted and it travels to all workstations connected to bus cable.  •  Although the  message is broadcasted but only the intended recipient, whose MAC address or IP  address matches, accepts it. If the MAC /IP address of machine doesn’t match with the  intended address, machine discards the signal.  •  A terminator is added at ends of the  central cable, to prevent boun...
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Difference between verification and validation.

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 Solution:- Verification Validation 1. The process of evaluating work products of a development phase to determine whether they meet specified requirements for that phase. 1. The process of evaluating software during or at the end of the of the development process to determine whether it is satisfying specified requirement. 2. It involves documentation, coding, design, plans, requirement , test cases . 2. it involve actual working model/product/software. 3. Verification done by developer site. 3. Validation is done by tester site. 4. Verification is done before validation 4. Validation is done after verification. 5. Verification involved executing of code. 5. Validation does not involved executing of code. 6. Verification refer white box testing. 6. Validation refer black box testing. 7. In verifica...
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Difference between Peer to Peer Network and Client Server Network.

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    Peer to Peer Network    Client Server Network 1. It is much like company uses decentralized management. 1. It is much like company uses centralized management. 2. In this each machine has same power. 2. In this server has more power and client has less power. 3. Uses less expensive computer hardware. 3. It is hardware intensive. 4. Easy to setup and administrator. 4. Complex to setup and require professional administrator. 5. less secure. 5. Very secure 6. Network O.S not required. 6. Network O.S required. 7. It support small Network. 7. It support large Network. 8. Might hurt user’s performance. 8. Better performance.
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